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Causes of recurrent kidney stones – Ratna Hospital Pune

Why Do Some People Get Kidney Stones Again and Again?

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Kidney stones are a common urinary health problem that can cause severe pain, discomfort, and difficulty passing urine. While some people experience kidney stones only once, others develop them repeatedly, even after successful treatment. If you have experienced kidney stones more than once, you may wonder why they keep returning. The answer often lies in a combination of dehydration, dietary habits, genetics, metabolic conditions, and underlying medical problems. At Ratna Hospital, Pune, we believe that understanding the causes of recurrent kidney stones is an important step towards prevention and long-term kidney health. What Are Recurrent Kidney Stones? Kidney stones are hard deposits of minerals and salts that form inside the kidneys. They develop when certain substances in urine become highly concentrated and begin forming crystals. Recurrent kidney stones occur when a person develops new stones after previously passing a stone or receiving treatment. Even after a kidney stone is removed, the factors responsible for its formation may still be present. This is why treatment should focus not only on removing existing stones but also on identifying and managing the causes of recurrence. 5 Common Reasons Why Kidney Stones Keep Coming Back 1. Not Drinking Enough Water Dehydration is one of the most common risk factors for kidney stone formation. When you drink insufficient water, your urine becomes concentrated. This makes it easier for minerals such as calcium, oxalate, and uric acid to form crystals. People who work outdoors, sweat excessively, or live in hot climates may have a higher risk of dehydration. Prevention tip: Drink enough fluids throughout the day to maintain pale-yellow urine. Many people with recurrent stones are advised to produce approximately 2.5 litres of urine daily, although fluid requirements vary depending on health conditions and medical advice. 2. Dietary Habits and Lifestyle Your daily food choices can influence the risk of developing kidney stones. Certain dietary habits may increase stone formation, including: Eating too much salt or sodium-rich packaged food. Consuming excessive animal protein. Frequently eating large amounts of oxalate-rich foods, particularly if you form calcium oxalate stones. Taking high-dose vitamin C or calcium supplements without medical guidance. Consuming too many sugary beverages. However, avoiding calcium completely is not recommended. Normal dietary calcium intake can help reduce the absorption of oxalate in the digestive system. Prevention tip: Follow a balanced diet, limit excess salt, and discuss stone-specific dietary changes with your doctor. 3. Underlying Medical Conditions Sometimes, recurrent kidney stones are associated with medical conditions that affect the body’s mineral balance or urine chemistry. These may include: Hyperparathyroidism: Increased parathyroid hormone activity can raise calcium levels and contribute to stone formation. Gout: High uric acid levels may increase the risk of uric acid stones. Obesity and metabolic disorders: These can influence urinary chemistry and increase stone risk. Recurrent urinary tract infections: Certain bacteria can contribute to infection-related stones. Digestive disorders: Conditions causing chronic diarrhoea or intestinal malabsorption may increase stone formation. Identifying these conditions can help doctors recommend appropriate preventive treatment. 4. High Levels of Certain Minerals in Urine An imbalance in urine composition is another important reason kidney stones may return. Some people naturally excrete higher amounts of calcium, oxalate, or uric acid through urine. Low levels of citrate, a substance that helps prevent crystals from developing, can also increase stone risk. A 24-hour urine test may help identify these abnormalities, especially in patients with repeated stone episodes. Depending on the results, doctors may recommend dietary changes, medication, or additional investigations. 5. Family History and Genetics If kidney stones run in your family, you may have an increased risk of developing them. Certain inherited conditions can affect how the kidneys process minerals and other substances. For example, cystinuria is a rare inherited condition that can cause repeated cystine stone formation. Although genetic factors cannot always be changed, early evaluation and preventive care can help reduce the risk of future stones. What Are the Symptoms of Recurrent Kidney Stones? Kidney stones do not always cause symptoms. Small stones may remain unnoticed until they move into the urinary tract. Common symptoms include: Severe pain in the back, side, or lower abdomen. Pain that spreads towards the groin. Blood in the urine. Burning or discomfort during urination. Frequent urge to urinate. Nausea or vomiting. Important: Fever or chills along with suspected kidney stone symptoms may indicate an infection, particularly if urine flow is obstructed. This requires urgent medical assessment. How Are Recurrent Kidney Stones Diagnosed? At Ratna Hospital, evaluation of recurrent kidney stones may involve reviewing the patient’s medical history, previous stone episodes, dietary habits, and relevant medical conditions. Depending on individual needs, investigations may include: Urine examination: Helps identify blood, infection, crystals, and other urinary abnormalities. Blood tests: May assess kidney function, calcium, uric acid, and other relevant parameters. Ultrasound or CT scan: Helps identify the location, size, and number of kidney stones. 24-hour urine analysis: Measures substances associated with stone formation and helps guide prevention. Stone analysis: If a stone is passed or surgically removed, laboratory analysis can identify its composition and help determine suitable preventive measures. Not every patient requires every test. The evaluation depends on their symptoms, medical history, and recurrence risk. How Can You Prevent Kidney Stones from Coming Back? Although kidney stones cannot always be prevented completely, several measures may help lower the likelihood of recurrence. Maintain adequate hydration: Drink fluids regularly, especially during hot weather or physical activity. Reduce excess salt: Limit packaged snacks, processed foods, and heavily salted meals. Maintain normal dietary calcium: Avoid unnecessary calcium restriction unless specifically advised. Choose a balanced diet: Include vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and appropriate protein portions. Maintain a healthy weight: Regular physical activity and balanced nutrition support metabolic health. Follow personalised medical advice: Some patients may benefit from medicines such as potassium citrate, thiazide diuretics, or other treatments, depending on their stone type and test results. Attend recommended follow-ups: Monitoring helps identify new stones and assess whether preventive measures are effective. Patients with kidney disease, heart failure, or fluid restrictions should discuss their

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Proteinuria and high protein levels in urine explained by Ratna Hospital Pune

Proteinuria: What High Protein Levels in Urine May Indicate

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Protein in the urine is something many people discover unexpectedly during a routine urine test. A small or temporary increase may occur for relatively harmless reasons, but persistently high protein levels in urine, known as proteinuria, can sometimes be an early sign of kidney disease. Understanding why protein appears in urine, what symptoms to watch for, and when further evaluation is needed can help identify kidney problems at an earlier stage. At MMF Ratna Memorial Hospital, Pune, patients with abnormal urine findings can be evaluated based on their symptoms, medical history, risk factors and appropriate laboratory investigations. What Is Proteinuria? Proteinuria means that an abnormally high amount of protein is present in the urine. Normally, the kidneys filter the blood, removing waste products and excess fluid while retaining important substances such as proteins. Albumin is one of the main proteins found in the blood. When the kidney’s filtering structures are affected, albumin or other proteins may pass from the blood into the urine. This is why persistent proteinuria can be an important marker of kidney health. Proteinuria and albuminuria are sometimes used interchangeably, although they are not exactly the same. Albuminuria specifically refers to increased albumin in urine, while proteinuria can refer to increased levels of different proteins. Does Protein in Urine Always Mean Kidney Disease? No. Finding protein in a single urine sample does not automatically mean that a person has chronic kidney disease. Temporary proteinuria may occur because of factors such as: Dehydration Fever or infection Strenuous physical exercise Temporary physical stress on the body Certain acute illnesses For this reason, an abnormal urine protein result may need to be repeated before conclusions are made. Persistent proteinuria is generally more concerning than a single abnormal test. What Can High Protein Levels in Urine Indicate? Persistent proteinuria can be associated with several medical conditions. 1. Chronic Kidney Disease Protein leaking into the urine may indicate damage to the kidney’s filtering system. Importantly, albuminuria may sometimes be present even when estimated glomerular filtration rate, or eGFR, has not yet fallen significantly. This makes urine protein testing an important part of assessing kidney health. 2. Diabetes-Related Kidney Disease People living with diabetes are at increased risk of kidney damage over time. Increased albumin in urine can be an early indication that diabetes is affecting the kidneys. Monitoring blood sugar, kidney function and urine albumin levels may therefore form an important part of long-term diabetes care. 3. High Blood Pressure Uncontrolled high blood pressure can affect the small blood vessels within the kidneys. Over time, this may impair kidney filtration and contribute to protein leakage. Diabetes and hypertension are therefore important risk factors to consider when proteinuria is detected. 4. Glomerular Kidney Disorders The glomeruli are tiny filtering structures inside the kidneys. Conditions affecting them can cause protein to leak into the urine. Examples include glomerulonephritis, IgA nephropathy, lupus nephritis and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. 5. Nephrotic Syndrome Very high levels of protein loss may occur with nephrotic syndrome, a kidney disorder involving damage to the filtering structures. It may be associated with symptoms such as swelling, particularly around the feet and ankles. What Are the Symptoms of Proteinuria? Many people with proteinuria experience no obvious symptoms, particularly during the early stages. This is one reason urine testing can be useful in people at increased risk of kidney disease. When symptoms occur, they may include: Persistent foamy or frothy urine Swelling of the feet or ankles Puffiness around the eyes Swelling of the face or abdomen Changes in urination Foamy urine alone does not confirm proteinuria. A urine test is required to determine whether excess protein is actually present. How Is Proteinuria Diagnosed? Evaluation usually begins with a urine test. A urine dipstick can identify protein, but additional testing may be recommended when an abnormal result is detected. One commonly used investigation is the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR). According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, a uACR above 30 mg/g is considered higher than normal. Depending on the individual situation, doctors may also recommend: Repeat urine examination Serum creatinine test eGFR assessment Blood pressure evaluation Blood glucose or HbA1c testing Kidney ultrasound Additional blood or urine investigations In selected cases where a specific kidney disorder is suspected, further investigations such as kidney biopsy may be considered. Who Should Pay Particular Attention to Protein in Urine? Kidney assessment may be particularly important for people who have: Diabetes High blood pressure Heart disease Known kidney disease A family history of kidney failure Repeated abnormal urine tests NIDDK identifies diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease and a family history of kidney failure among important risk factors for kidney disease. How Is Proteinuria Treated? Proteinuria itself is a finding rather than a single disease, so treatment depends on why protein is leaking into the urine. Management may involve controlling blood pressure, improving diabetes management, treating an underlying kidney condition and making appropriate lifestyle changes. Some patients may also require medicines that help protect kidney function and reduce albumin loss. Medication choices depend on the patient’s diagnosis and overall health and should be made by a qualified healthcare professional. When Should You Consult a Doctor? Consider medical evaluation if protein is repeatedly detected in your urine, especially if you also have diabetes, hypertension or a history of kidney disease. You should also seek medical advice if you notice persistent foamy urine, swelling around the eyes, swelling in the legs or ankles, or other unexplained urinary changes. A single abnormal report does not necessarily indicate serious kidney disease, but persistent proteinuria should not be ignored. Kidney Evaluation at MMF Ratna Memorial Hospital, Pune Early kidney disease can sometimes develop without obvious symptoms. Urine and blood investigations can help doctors identify abnormalities and determine whether further evaluation is required. At MMF Ratna Memorial Hospital, patients can seek medical evaluation for proteinuria, abnormal kidney function tests, urinary symptoms and other kidney-related concerns. If your urine report repeatedly shows high protein levels, consulting a healthcare professional

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Stress and bladder connection causing frequent urination

Can Stress Cause Frequent Urination? Understanding the Bladder-Brain Connection

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Frequent urination is a common concern that affects many people. While urinary symptoms are often linked to infections, bladder conditions, or increased fluid intake, many people do not realize that stress and emotional factors can also influence bladder function. The connection between the brain and bladder is complex. Stress can affect the nervous system, which controls bladder activity, sometimes leading to increased urgency and frequent trips to the bathroom. At MMF Ratna Memorial Hospital, Pune, patients receive comprehensive evaluation for urinary symptoms with a focus on identifying the underlying cause and providing appropriate urological care. Understanding the Bladder-Brain Connection The bladder and brain communicate continuously through a network of nerves. This communication helps control: When the bladder stores urine When the urge to urinate occurs When urination should happen When a person experiences stress, anxiety, or emotional pressure, the body’s nervous system can become more active. This may influence bladder sensitivity and create a stronger urge to urinate, even when the bladder is not completely full. How Can Stress Lead to Frequent Urination? Stress does not directly damage the bladder, but it can affect bladder habits and nerve signals in several ways. 1. Increased Nervous System Activity During stressful situations, the body activates the “fight or flight” response. Stress hormones can increase alertness and affect normal body functions, including bladder control. This may result in: Increased urinary urgency Frequent need to pass urine Difficulty relaxing the bladder muscles 2. Heightened Bladder Sensitivity Stress and anxiety can make some people more aware of normal bladder sensations. A mild urge to urinate may feel stronger, leading to more frequent bathroom visits. 3. Changes in Daily Habits During periods of stress, people may: Drink more caffeine Sleep poorly Consume less water or irregular amounts of fluids Develop changes in eating habits These lifestyle changes may also contribute to urinary symptoms. Symptoms That May Occur Along With Stress-Related Urinary Frequency Stress-related bladder changes may be associated with: Frequent urination during the day Feeling an urgent need to urinate Increased bathroom visits during stressful situations Night-time urination in some cases Awareness of bladder sensations However, frequent urination should not always be assumed to be caused by stress. Other medical conditions may also cause similar symptoms. Other Causes of Frequent Urination Frequent urination can occur due to several reasons, including: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) UTIs may cause frequent urination along with burning sensation, pelvic discomfort, or changes in urine appearance. Overactive Bladder An overactive bladder may cause sudden urges and increased frequency of urination. Diabetes High blood sugar levels can increase urine production and cause frequent urination. Enlarged Prostate in Men In older men, prostate enlargement may affect urine flow and bladder emptying. Kidney or Bladder Stones Stones can irritate the urinary tract and cause urinary symptoms. Proper evaluation helps identify the exact cause. When Should You Consult a Urologist? You should seek medical advice if frequent urination is associated with: ✔ Blood in urine ✔ Pain or burning while urinating ✔ Fever or chills ✔ Difficulty passing urine ✔ Sudden worsening of symptoms ✔ Excessive thirst or unexplained weight changes ✔ Symptoms affecting daily activities or sleep A urologist can evaluate your symptoms through medical history, examination, urine tests, and other investigations if required. Managing Stress-Related Bladder Symptoms If stress is contributing to urinary symptoms, lifestyle approaches may help: Practice Stress Management Activities such as: Deep breathing exercises Meditation Regular physical activity Adequate sleep may support overall well-being. Maintain Healthy Bladder Habits Helpful practices include: Drink adequate water Avoid excessive caffeine intake Do not delay urination for long periods Maintain a balanced lifestyle Seek Professional Guidance Persistent urinary symptoms should always be evaluated to rule out underlying medical conditions. How Ratna Memorial Hospital Helps in Urinary Health Care MMF Ratna Memorial Hospital, Pune provides comprehensive healthcare services with modern diagnostic facilities and experienced medical teams. For urinary concerns such as frequent urination, bladder problems, kidney stones, and other urological conditions, proper evaluation helps in planning suitable treatment based on individual needs. The focus remains on: Accurate diagnosis Patient-centred care Evidence-based treatment approaches Long-term urinary health management Conclusion Stress can influence bladder function through the close connection between the brain and urinary system. While stress may contribute to frequent urination in some individuals, persistent urinary symptoms should not be ignored. Understanding the cause of frequent urination is the first step toward effective management. If you experience ongoing bladder-related concerns, consult MMF Ratna Memorial Hospital, Pune for expert evaluation and guidance.

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Best Kidney Stone Treatment Options in Pune - Ratna Hospital

Best Urology Treatment Options for Kidney Stones: A Patient’s Guide

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Kidney stones are one of the most common urinary problems affecting people of different age groups. These hard mineral deposits develop inside the kidneys and may cause severe pain, urinary discomfort, and complications if not treated at the right time. With advancements in urology, kidney stone treatment has become safer, more effective, and minimally invasive. Today, patients have multiple treatment options depending on the size, location, type, and severity of the kidney stone. At MMF Ratna Memorial Hospital, Pune, advanced urology care is provided with modern diagnostic facilities and minimally invasive techniques to help patients receive appropriate kidney stone treatment based on their individual condition. Understanding Kidney Stones Kidney stones are solid deposits formed when certain minerals and salts in urine become concentrated and start forming crystals. Small stones may pass naturally through urine, while larger stones may block urine flow and require medical treatment. Common factors that may increase the risk of kidney stones include: Low water intake Excessive salt consumption Certain dietary habits Family history of kidney stones Obesity Recurrent urinary infections Certain metabolic conditions Common Symptoms of Kidney Stones Kidney stones may remain silent initially, but symptoms can appear when the stone moves or blocks the urinary pathway. Common symptoms include: Severe pain in the back or side Pain spreading towards the lower abdomen or groin Burning sensation while urinating Blood in urine Frequent urge to urinate Nausea or vomiting Fever and chills in case of infection If you experience severe pain, fever, or difficulty passing urine, timely medical evaluation is important. Diagnosis of Kidney Stones Accurate diagnosis helps doctors decide the most suitable treatment approach. Common diagnostic methods include: 1. Ultrasound A commonly used imaging test to detect kidney stones and urinary blockage. 2. CT Scan Provides detailed information about stone size, location, and number. 3. Urine and Blood Tests These tests help evaluate kidney function and identify factors contributing to stone formation. At Ratna Hospital, Pune, advanced evaluation methods are used to plan personalized kidney stone treatment. Best Urology Treatment Options for Kidney Stones The choice of Urology treatment depends on various factors such as stone size, location, symptoms, and overall kidney health. 1. Medical Management for Small Kidney Stones Small kidney stones may pass naturally with: Increased fluid intake (as advised by the doctor) Pain management medicines Medicines that help stone passage Regular follow-up may be recommended to monitor stone movement. 2. ESWL (Shock Wave Lithotripsy) Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) is a non-invasive procedure that uses shock waves to break kidney stones into smaller fragments. These small fragments can then pass naturally through urine. Benefits may include: No major incision Short recovery period Suitable for selected kidney stones 3. RIRS (Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery) RIRS is a minimally invasive procedure where a flexible scope is passed through the urinary tract to reach the kidney stone. A laser is used to break the stone into smaller pieces. Advantages include: No external incision Less discomfort Faster recovery Effective for selected kidney stones Ratna Hospital provides advanced urology procedures including RIRS and laser-based stone treatments. 4. PCNL (Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy) PCNL is commonly recommended for larger kidney stones. During this procedure: A small opening is created in the back A specialized instrument reaches the kidney The stone is removed or fragmented It is an effective option for large or complex kidney stones. 5. Laser Kidney Stone Removal Laser technology allows precise fragmentation of stones through minimally invasive techniques. Depending on the patient’s condition, doctors may recommend laser procedures for effective stone removal with reduced recovery time. How Doctors Choose the Right Treatment? Every kidney stone case is different. The treatment decision depends on: Size of the stone Location of the stone Number of stones Symptoms experienced Kidney function Presence of infection or blockage A urologist evaluates these factors before recommending the most suitable option. Prevention Tips to Reduce Kidney Stone Risk After treatment, lifestyle changes can help reduce the chances of recurrence. Helpful preventive measures include: ✅ Drink adequate water throughout the day✅ Maintain a balanced diet✅ Reduce excessive salt intake✅ Avoid unnecessary dietary restrictions without medical advice✅ Maintain healthy body weight✅ Follow regular check-ups if you have a history of kidney stones Why Choose Ratna Hospital for Kidney Stone Treatment in Pune? MMF Ratna Memorial Hospital, Pune provides comprehensive urology care with experienced specialists, modern technology, and patient-focused treatment approaches. The hospital offers advanced procedures for kidney stones, including minimally invasive and laser-based treatments, depending on patient requirements. Patients benefit from: Experienced urology specialists Advanced diagnostic facilities Modern surgical techniques Personalized treatment planning Comprehensive follow-up care Conclusion Kidney stones can cause significant discomfort, but with modern urology treatments, effective management and removal are possible. Early diagnosis and consultation with an experienced urologist can help prevent complications and protect kidney health. If you are looking for kidney stone treatment in Pune, consult MMF Ratna Memorial Hospital for expert evaluation and advanced urology care.

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Advanced urology treatment in Pune

Advanced Urology Treatment: When Medication Is Not Enough

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Many urinary problems can initially be managed with medication, lifestyle changes, increased fluid intake, dietary modifications, or regular monitoring. However, medication is not always enough to resolve the underlying problem. Kidney stones may become too large to pass naturally, an enlarged prostate may significantly obstruct urine flow, or structural problems within the urinary tract may require a procedure rather than medicines alone. Understanding when advanced urology treatment may be needed can help patients seek timely medical evaluation and avoid unnecessary delays in care. When Is Medication Usually the First Step? For many urological conditions, conservative treatment is often considered depending on the diagnosis, severity of symptoms, test results, age, overall health, and other individual factors. Medication may be used to manage symptoms associated with conditions such as: Urinary tract infections Prostate enlargement Overactive bladder Certain small kidney or ureteric stones Prostatitis Some urinary symptoms and bladder disorders Medicines can be highly effective when appropriately prescribed. However, they cannot correct every obstruction, remove every stone, or address all structural abnormalities. This is why persistent or worsening symptoms should not simply be managed by repeatedly taking medication without further evaluation. Signs That Medication May Not Be Enough A urologist may consider additional investigations or procedural treatment when symptoms persist despite appropriate medical management. Some situations that may require further evaluation include: 1. Recurrent or severe urinary symptoms Repeated episodes of burning urination, difficulty passing urine, poor urinary flow, urgency or recurrent infections may indicate an underlying condition that needs to be identified. 2. Kidney or ureteric stones Small stones may sometimes pass naturally. Larger stones, persistent stones or stones causing obstruction, infection or significant pain may require procedures to break or remove them. 3. Difficulty emptying the bladder A significantly enlarged prostate or another obstruction can interfere with normal urine flow. If medication does not provide adequate relief, further assessment may be necessary. 4. Blood in the urine Visible or recurrent blood in urine should be medically evaluated. It may be associated with stones, infections, prostate conditions, bladder disorders or other urinary tract problems. 5. Recurrent urinary tract infections Repeated infections can sometimes occur because of stones, obstruction, incomplete bladder emptying or another underlying urinary tract problem. Treating only the infection may not address the root cause. Advanced Treatment for Kidney Stones Kidney stones are among the most common reasons patients require procedural urological treatment. Treatment depends on factors such as the stone’s size, location, composition, symptoms and whether it is affecting normal urine drainage. When a stone cannot be appropriately managed with observation or medication, the urologist may consider procedures such as lithotripsy, ureteroscopy or other minimally invasive stone treatments, depending on the individual case. The objective is not simply to relieve pain but also to restore normal urinary drainage and reduce the risk of complications where clinically necessary. Treatment for an Enlarged Prostate Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), commonly called an enlarged prostate, becomes increasingly common as men age. Patients may experience: Weak urine flow Difficulty starting urination Frequent urination Waking repeatedly at night to urinate Incomplete bladder emptying Sudden urgency to urinate Medication can help many patients. However, if symptoms remain troublesome, urinary retention develops, or complications occur, a urologist may discuss procedural or surgical treatment. Modern approaches can often treat prostate-related obstruction through minimally invasive or endoscopic techniques. The most appropriate option depends on prostate size, symptoms, medical history and individual clinical findings. Urinary Obstruction Requires Proper Evaluation Urinary obstruction can occur at different levels of the urinary tract. Stones, prostate enlargement, narrowing of the urinary passage and other structural conditions may interfere with normal urine flow. Ignoring significant obstruction can potentially affect bladder or kidney function. Diagnostic investigations such as blood and urine tests, ultrasound, imaging, urine-flow assessment or urodynamic testing may be recommended depending on the symptoms. The purpose of these investigations is to identify the cause rather than treating symptoms alone. The Role of Minimally Invasive Urology One of the important developments in modern urology has been the increasing use of minimally invasive and endoscopic procedures. Instead of requiring conventional open surgery in every situation, selected urinary conditions can now be treated using small instruments, scopes, laser-based technology or other minimally invasive techniques. Depending on the procedure and patient’s condition, these approaches may offer advantages such as smaller or no external incisions, reduced tissue disruption and potentially shorter recovery periods. However, no single procedure is suitable for every patient. Treatment must always be selected after proper clinical evaluation. When Should You Consult a Urologist? Consider seeking a urological evaluation if you experience persistent or recurrent symptoms such as difficulty urinating, weak urinary flow, repeated urinary infections, blood in urine, severe flank pain, recurring kidney stones, inability to empty the bladder properly or urinary symptoms that continue despite treatment. Certain symptoms require more urgent medical attention. These can include inability to pass urine, severe pain accompanied by fever or chills, or significant blood in urine. Early evaluation can help determine whether medication remains appropriate or whether further investigation or procedural treatment should be considered. Choosing the Right Treatment Is More Important Than Choosing the Most Advanced Treatment The goal of modern urology is not to perform a procedure simply because advanced technology is available. The right treatment is the one that appropriately addresses the patient’s diagnosis while considering symptoms, investigation results, overall health and potential risks and benefits. For some patients, medication and monitoring remain appropriate. For others, a minimally invasive procedure or surgery may offer a more suitable solution. A detailed consultation with a qualified urologist helps patients understand these options and participate in informed treatment decisions. Urology Care at Ratna Memorial Hospital, Pune Ratna Memorial Hospital, Pune, Urology Hospital provides evaluation and management for a broad range of urological conditions, including kidney stones, prostate disorders, bladder problems, urinary infections, urinary obstruction, and other urinary tract conditions. Diagnostic and treatment facilities available through the hospital’s urology services support individualised treatment planning based on the patient’s condition. If urinary symptoms continue despite medication, do not simply

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Ratna Memorial Hospital building promoting expert urology services for kidney stone and prostate care

From Kidney Stones to Prostate Care: Expert Urology Services Under One Roof

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Urological health plays an important role in overall well-being, yet symptoms related to the kidneys, urinary tract, bladder or prostate are sometimes ignored until they become more troublesome. Problems such as persistent urinary discomfort, recurrent kidney stones, difficulty passing urine or changes in urinary habits deserve timely medical attention. At Ratna Memorial Hospital, Urology Clinic in Pune, patients can access a range of urology services under one roof. From the evaluation of kidney stones to the assessment and management of prostate problems, the focus is on careful diagnosis, appropriate treatment planning and patient-centred care. Understanding the Importance of Urological Health The urinary system includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. In men, the prostate is also an important part of urological health. Different conditions can affect these organs and may cause symptoms such as pain, burning during urination, frequent urination, blood in the urine or difficulty emptying the bladder. Early consultation can help identify the possible cause of symptoms and guide appropriate next steps. A proper evaluation may include a medical history, physical examination and investigations recommended by the treating doctor. Some commonly addressed areas of urology care include: Kidney stones Urinary tract problems Recurrent urinary symptoms Bladder-related concerns Prostate care Difficulty or changes in urination Blood in the urine requiring medical evaluation Other kidney and urinary tract conditions The right approach depends on each patient’s symptoms, medical history and diagnosis. Kidney Stone Care: Understanding the Problem Kidney stones are hard deposits that can form within the urinary system. Their size, location and composition can vary. While some small stones may pass naturally, others can cause significant discomfort or may require medical treatment. Possible symptoms can include: Sudden pain in the side or back Pain that may move towards the lower abdomen or groin Nausea or vomiting Burning while passing urine Frequent urge to urinate Changes in the appearance of urine However, these symptoms can also occur with other medical conditions. This is why an accurate medical evaluation is important. At Ratna Memorial Hospital, Urology Clinic in Pune, the assessment of kidney stones may involve appropriate imaging and diagnostic tests as advised by the healthcare professional. Kidney stone treatment recommendations depend on factors such as the stone’s size, location, symptoms and the patient’s overall health. The goal is not simply to address the immediate problem but also to help patients understand possible preventive measures where appropriate. Why Prevention Matters for Kidney Stones For people who have experienced kidney stones, preventing recurrence can be an important part of long-term care. Recommendations may differ from person to person because stone formation can have several causes. Depending on individual needs, a healthcare professional may discuss: Maintaining appropriate fluid intake Dietary habits and nutritional guidance Investigation of recurrent stone formation Follow-up when medically advised Identifying underlying factors that may contribute to stone formation It is important not to follow restrictive diets or take supplements solely based on general online advice. Personalised recommendations should be based on a patient’s health condition and medical evaluation. Prostate Care and Urinary Health in Men The prostate is a small gland located below the bladder in men. As men age, changes in the prostate may sometimes lead to urinary symptoms. These symptoms do not always indicate a serious condition, but they should not be ignored. Common symptoms that may require a urology consultation include: Difficulty starting urination A weak or interrupted urine stream Frequent urination, especially at night A feeling that the bladder has not emptied completely Sudden urgency to urinate Changes in normal urinary patterns A healthcare professional can assess these concerns and recommend suitable investigations if needed. Prostate care is based on the individual’s age, symptoms, examination findings and overall medical history. At Ratna Memorial Hospital, Urology Clinic in Pune, patients can seek guidance for urinary and prostate-related concerns in a hospital setting with access to appropriate diagnostic and specialist services. Comprehensive Urology Services Under One Roof One of the advantages of receiving care in a comprehensive hospital setting is coordinated access to different aspects of evaluation and urology treatment. Urological conditions can sometimes require diagnostic imaging, laboratory tests, procedures or consultation with other medical specialists. Ratna Memorial Hospital, Urology Clinic in Pune, focuses on providing access to organised urology services for patients with a variety of kidney, urinary and prostate-related concerns. The care journey may include: 1. Medical Evaluation Understanding the patient’s symptoms, medical history and relevant risk factors. 2. Appropriate Investigations Tests may be recommended depending on the clinical situation. These can help the doctor understand the underlying cause of symptoms. 3. Personalised Treatment Planning Treatment is based on the diagnosis and individual health needs. Not every patient requires the same treatment or procedure. 4. Follow-Up and Ongoing Care Some urological conditions may require monitoring or follow-up to assess progress and address future concerns. When Should You Consult a Urologist? It is advisable to seek medical attention for persistent or concerning urinary symptoms rather than self-diagnosing the problem. A consultation may be particularly important if you experience severe pain, blood in the urine, repeated urinary symptoms or difficulty passing urine. Symptoms that require prompt medical assessment can include severe or worsening pain, fever with urinary symptoms, inability to pass urine or other sudden concerning changes. The urgency of care depends on the individual situation. A qualified healthcare professional can determine the appropriate course of action after evaluating the patient’s condition. Patient-Focused Urology Care at Ratna Memorial Hospital From kidney stone care to prostate care, every urological concern requires an individual approach. The same symptoms may have different causes, which is why professional assessment is important. Ratna Memorial Hospital, Urology Clinic in Pune aims to provide patients with access to comprehensive urology services, appropriate medical evaluation and guidance for kidney, urinary tract and prostate-related concerns. Timely consultation can help patients better understand their condition and make informed decisions about their care with their treating healthcare professional. If you are experiencing persistent urinary symptoms or have concerns related to kidney stones, the prostate or other urinary health

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Urologist vs Nephrologist | Joshi Hospital Pune

Urologist vs Nephrologist: Which Kidney Specialist Should You Consult?

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Understanding the Right Specialist for Kidney and Urinary Problems in Pune Kidney-related symptoms can be confusing. Back pain, blood in the urine, swelling, repeated urinary infections or abnormal kidney test results may all involve the kidneys, but they do not necessarily require the same specialist. Two medical specialists commonly involved in kidney care are urologists and nephrologists. Although their areas of expertise overlap, they approach kidney problems differently. A urologist in Pune generally manages structural and surgical conditions affecting the urinary system, while a nephrologist primarily treats medical conditions that affect kidney function. Understanding this difference can help you consult the appropriate doctor without delaying diagnosis and treatment. In some situations, both specialists may work together to provide comprehensive care. What Does a Urologist Treat? A urologist diagnoses and treats conditions involving the urinary tract in men and women. This system includes the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra. Urologists also manage conditions affecting the male reproductive system. Urology combines medical treatment with surgical care. A urologist may prescribe medication for certain conditions, perform diagnostic procedures and carry out minimally invasive or open surgery when necessary. You may need to consult a urologist for conditions such as: Kidney, ureteric or bladder stones Difficulty passing urine Blood in the urine Recurrent urinary tract infections Urinary obstruction Enlarged prostate Urinary incontinence Bladder disorders Kidney, bladder or prostate tumours Structural abnormalities of the urinary tract Patients seeking evaluation for such concerns can learn more about the urology services at Ratna Memorial Hospital. What Does a Nephrologist Treat? A nephrologist is a physician who specialises in diseases that affect kidney function. Nephrology is primarily a medical speciality, which means nephrologists generally manage kidney disease using medicines, dietary guidance, monitoring and dialysis rather than surgery. A nephrologist may treat conditions such as chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, protein leakage in the urine, electrolyte imbalance and kidney problems caused by diabetes or high blood pressure. You may be referred to a nephrologist if you have: Abnormal kidney function test results High serum creatinine Persistent protein in the urine Chronic kidney disease Kidney failure Difficult-to-control blood pressure Fluid retention or unexplained swelling Electrolyte disorders Glomerular or autoimmune kidney disease A need for dialysis or transplant-related medical care A nephrologist focuses on how effectively the kidneys filter blood, balance fluids and electrolytes, regulate blood pressure and remove waste from the body. The Main Difference Between a Urologist and a Nephrologist The simplest distinction lies in the type of problem being treated. A urologist usually manages physical, structural or surgical problems in the urinary system. These may include a stone blocking the ureter, an enlarged prostate restricting urine flow or a tumour affecting the kidney or bladder. A nephrologist manages medical conditions that interfere with the kidneys’ ability to function. These may include kidney damage caused by diabetes, inflammation of the filtering units of the kidneys or progressive chronic kidney disease. For example, a person with a kidney stone blocking urine flow would usually need a urologist. A person whose kidneys are gradually losing their filtering ability due to long-standing diabetes would generally need a nephrologist. When Should You Consult a Urologist in Pune? A urologist is usually the appropriate specialist when symptoms suggest an obstruction, stone, infection, structural abnormality or condition requiring a procedure. Severe Pain in the Back or Side Sudden, intense pain in the side or back that travels towards the lower abdomen or groin may indicate a kidney or ureteric stone. Other symptoms can include nausea, vomiting, painful urination and blood in the urine. A urologist can arrange urine tests and imaging to determine the stone’s size and location. Treatment depends on whether the stone is likely to pass naturally or requires intervention. Ratna Memorial Hospital provides dedicated evaluation and kidney stone treatment in Pune. Blood in the Urine Blood in the urine may be caused by an infection, kidney stone, enlarged prostate, urinary tract injury or tumour. Even if the bleeding is painless or occurs only once, it should not be ignored. A urologist may recommend urine testing, ultrasound, CT imaging or cystoscopy depending on the patient’s age, symptoms and clinical risk. Difficulty Passing Urine A weak urine stream, straining, delayed urination or a sensation that the bladder has not emptied completely can indicate an obstruction. In men, an enlarged prostate is one possible cause. Complete inability to urinate is an emergency and needs immediate medical attention. Recurrent Urinary Infections Repeated urinary infections may be associated with stones, incomplete bladder emptying or abnormalities in the urinary tract. A urologist can investigate whether an underlying structural issue is allowing the infection to return. A Stone or Mass Found on Imaging A stone, cyst, swelling or mass may be detected unexpectedly during an ultrasound or CT scan performed for another reason. A urologist can interpret the finding in the context of the patient’s symptoms and decide whether treatment, monitoring or further investigation is necessary. When Should You Consult a Nephrologist? A nephrologist is generally the right specialist when the main concern involves reduced kidney function or a medical condition affecting the kidneys. High Creatinine or Reduced eGFR Creatinine is a waste product measured through a blood test. An elevated creatinine level or reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate may suggest impaired kidney function. One abnormal result does not always mean chronic kidney disease. Dehydration, medicines, infection and urinary obstruction can temporarily affect the result. A nephrologist evaluates the pattern over time and determines whether further investigation is needed. Protein in the Urine Persistent protein leakage may indicate damage to the kidney’s filtering units. Small amounts may not cause visible symptoms, while significant protein loss can lead to swelling around the eyes, feet or ankles. A nephrologist may order additional urine tests, blood investigations and imaging to identify the underlying cause. Kidney Disease Caused by Diabetes or High Blood Pressure Diabetes and hypertension are major causes of chronic kidney disease. A nephrologist helps protect remaining kidney function by managing blood pressure, monitoring laboratory results, reviewing medicines

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Urologist diagnosing recurrent kidney stones in Pune

How Urologists Diagnose Recurrent Kidney Stones

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Understanding Stone Evaluation at a Trusted Urology Hospital in Pune Passing or removing a kidney stone can bring immediate relief, but it does not always solve the underlying problem. Some people develop another stone within months or years because the factors responsible for stone formation are still present. Recurrent kidney stones require more than a scan to confirm their location. A urologist investigates why the stones are returning, identifies their composition and assesses whether a medical condition, dietary pattern, urinary abnormality or anatomical problem is contributing to their formation. At Ratna Memorial Hospital, patients with recurring stones can receive a detailed evaluation to guide treatment and long-term prevention. Consulting a qualified urologist in Pune is particularly important when stones return repeatedly, occur in both kidneys or are associated with infection, obstruction or declining kidney function. What Are Recurrent Kidney Stones? Recurrent kidney stones are stones that form again after a previous stone has passed naturally or been removed through treatment. A person may develop the same type of stone repeatedly or experience stones with a different composition. The most common types include: Calcium oxalate stones Calcium phosphate stones Uric acid stones Infection-related struvite stones Cystine stones caused by an inherited condition The type of stone matters because each one has different risk factors and may require a different prevention strategy. For example, advice that helps prevent a uric acid stone may not be sufficient for someone forming infection-related stones. A previous stone episode is itself an important risk factor for another episode. Therefore, recurrent stones should not be treated as isolated events without investigating the cause. Why Do Kidney Stones Keep Returning? Kidney stones form when certain substances become highly concentrated in the urine. These substances may crystallise, gradually grow and form a stone. Low urine volume is a common contributor, but recurrence can have several causes. Possible risk factors include inadequate fluid intake, excessive dietary salt, a high intake of certain animal proteins, obesity, recurrent urinary infections and a family history of stones. Some people absorb or excrete unusually high amounts of calcium, oxalate, uric acid or cystine. Certain medical conditions may also raise the risk. These include overactive parathyroid glands, gout, inflammatory bowel disease, chronic diarrhoea and disorders affecting the way nutrients are absorbed. Previous intestinal or weight loss surgery can alter oxalate absorption in some patients. The evaluation conducted by a urologist in Pune is intended to separate occasional lifestyle-related risk from an ongoing metabolic, infectious or structural cause. The First Step: A Detailed Medical History The diagnostic process usually begins with a detailed conversation. The urologist in pune asks about previous stone episodes, treatments, infections and relevant health conditions. Important information may include: The age at which the first stone developed The number and frequency of stone episodes Whether stones occurred in one or both kidneys Previous procedures such as ureteroscopy, RIRS, ESWL or PCNL Family history of kidney stones Daily fluid intake and dietary habits Regular medicines and nutritional supplements History of gout, bowel disease, urinary infections or endocrine disorders Patients should bring their previous scan reports, laboratory results, discharge summaries and stone analysis reports to the consultation whenever possible. Comparing current and older scans can help the doctor understand how quickly new stones are developing. Physical Examination and Symptom Assessment A physical examination may not reveal a small kidney stone directly, but it helps assess the patient’s general condition and identify possible complications. The urologist will ask about flank or back pain, painful urination, blood in the urine, nausea, fever and changes in urinary frequency. Fever with chills, severe pain, vomiting or difficulty passing urine may indicate obstruction or infection and can require urgent medical attention. Blood pressure, hydration status and tenderness around the kidney area may also be evaluated. The findings help determine which investigations should be performed and how urgently treatment is needed. Urine Tests for Recurrent Kidney Stones A routine urine test can provide valuable information about stone formation. It may detect blood, crystals, infection, urine acidity and other abnormalities. A urine culture may be ordered if infection is suspected. This test identifies the bacteria responsible and helps the doctor select an appropriate antibiotic. Recurrent infection is especially relevant because certain bacteria can encourage the formation of struvite stones. Urine pH is another important finding. Persistently acidic urine may encourage uric acid stones, while highly alkaline urine can be associated with certain calcium phosphate or infection-related stones. However, a single urine sample offers only a snapshot. Patients with repeated stones may require a more detailed metabolic evaluation. Why Is a 24-Hour Urine Test Important? A 24-hour urine test measures everything passed in the urine over an entire day. It can reveal abnormalities that may not appear in a routine sample. The test may measure: Total urine volume Calcium Oxalate Uric acid Citrate Sodium Creatinine Urine pH Low citrate can increase stone risk because citrate naturally helps prevent crystals from joining together. High urinary calcium, oxalate or uric acid can also encourage stone formation. A high sodium result may indicate excessive salt intake, which can increase calcium loss into the urine. The results allow the urologist to provide personalised advice instead of giving every patient the same restrictive diet. In some cases, two separate 24-hour collections may be recommended to obtain a more reliable picture of the patient’s usual urine chemistry. Blood Tests Used in Stone Evaluation Blood tests help assess kidney function and identify metabolic conditions that may be contributing to recurrence. Tests may include kidney function parameters such as serum creatinine, along with calcium, uric acid, electrolytes and bicarbonate. If the blood calcium level is elevated, the doctor may investigate parathyroid hormone levels to check for an overactive parathyroid gland. These investigations are particularly important when stones occur frequently, begin at a young age, affect both kidneys or are accompanied by reduced kidney function. Imaging Tests Used to Locate Kidney Stones Imaging shows the number, size and location of stones. It can also reveal urinary obstruction, swelling of the

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Recurrent urinary infections treatment at Ratna Memorial Hospital Pune

Recurrent Urinary Infections: Why Do UTIs Keep Coming Back?

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Understanding the Causes, Diagnosis and UTI Treatment in Pune A urinary tract infection, commonly called a UTI, can cause burning during urination, frequent urges to pass urine and discomfort in the lower abdomen. Most infections improve with appropriate treatment. However, when the symptoms repeatedly return, it may indicate a recurrent urinary infection that needs a more detailed evaluation. Taking antibiotics each time without identifying the cause may provide temporary relief but may not prevent another episode. Recurrent infections can sometimes be associated with kidney stones, incomplete bladder emptying, prostate problems, diabetes or resistant bacteria. Consulting a specialist for UTI treatment in Pune can help determine why the infection is returning and establish a personalised plan to manage it safely. What Is a Recurrent Urinary Infection? A UTI develops when bacteria enter the urinary tract and multiply. The infection may affect the urethra, bladder, ureters or kidneys. According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, bladder infections are commonly caused by bacteria and may progress to kidney infections if they are not treated appropriately. A person is generally considered to have recurrent UTIs when they experience: Two or more confirmed infections within six months Three or more infections within one year Recurrence does not always mean that the first treatment failed. It may be a relapse caused by the same bacteria or a new infection caused by a different organism. Common Symptoms of Recurrent UTIs Symptoms can vary depending on which part of the urinary tract is affected. Common warning signs include: Burning or pain while passing urine A frequent or urgent need to urinate Passing only small amounts of urine Cloudy, dark or foul smelling urine Lower abdominal or pelvic discomfort Blood in the urine Feeling tired or generally unwell Fever, chills, nausea, vomiting or pain in the back or side may indicate that the infection has reached the kidneys. These symptoms require prompt medical attention. Why Do Urinary Infections Keep Returning? There is no single cause behind every recurrent UTI. A specialist may need to evaluate several possible factors. Incomplete bladder emptying Urine remaining in the bladder can create an environment where bacteria multiply. Incomplete emptying may occur due to an enlarged prostate, bladder muscle dysfunction, nerve related conditions or an obstruction within the urinary tract. Kidney or bladder stones Urinary stones can interfere with urine flow and may provide a surface on which bacteria persist. An infection may continue to return until the stone or obstruction is appropriately managed. Antibiotic resistance Using antibiotics without a urine culture, stopping treatment too early or repeatedly taking the same medicine may allow resistant bacteria to survive. This is why self medication is not advisable. The NICE guideline on recurrent UTIs emphasises responsible antibiotic use to treat infections effectively while reducing the risk of antimicrobial resistance. Diabetes and reduced immunity Poorly controlled blood sugar can affect immune function and increase the amount of glucose in urine, making infections more likely. People with reduced immunity may also experience frequent or more complicated infections. Menopause related changes After menopause, reduced oestrogen levels can change the tissues and protective bacterial environment around the urinary tract. These changes may increase susceptibility to infection in some women. Prostate related conditions Recurrent UTIs in men may be associated with prostate enlargement, inflammation of the prostate or urinary obstruction. Since UTIs are less common in men, repeated episodes generally require proper urological assessment. Other contributing factors may include low fluid intake, delaying urination for long periods, urinary catheter use, pregnancy, structural abnormalities and infection associated with intimate activity. How Are Recurrent UTIs Diagnosed? A proper diagnosis is important because burning or frequent urination is not always caused by a bacterial infection. Bladder pain syndrome, stones, overactive bladder and certain local infections may produce similar symptoms. The evaluation may include: Medical history and examination The doctor will ask about the timing of symptoms, previous infections, medicines, underlying medical conditions, urinary habits and earlier urine culture results. Urine routine examination and culture A urine test can identify signs of infection. A urine culture determines which bacteria are present and which antibiotics are likely to work. The European Association of Urology guidelines recommend urine culture when symptoms recur after treatment, fail to resolve, appear atypical or occur in people at greater risk of resistant infection. Additional investigations Depending on the individual’s symptoms and medical history, the doctor may recommend: Ultrasound of the kidneys and bladder Blood tests to assess kidney function or blood sugar Measurement of urine remaining after the bladder is emptied CT scan when stones or obstruction are suspected Cystoscopy to examine the inside of the bladder in selected cases Extensive testing is not necessary for every patient. Investigations are selected according to age, symptoms, recurrence pattern and risk factors. UTI Treatment in Pune for Recurrent Infections Treatment should address both the current infection and the reason it keeps returning. A culture guided antibiotic may be prescribed for an active bacterial infection. The choice and duration depend on the organism, previous antibiotic exposure, kidney function, pregnancy status and whether the infection is localised or has become systemic. When an underlying condition is identified, treatment may involve controlling diabetes, improving bladder emptying, treating prostate enlargement or managing kidney and bladder stones. Preventive treatment may be considered for carefully selected patients who continue to experience confirmed infections. Long term or repeated antibiotics should not be started without medical supervision. Preventive options must be discussed individually because their benefits and possible side effects vary from one patient to another. Can Recurrent UTIs Be Prevented? Some practical measures may reduce the risk of another infection: Drink an appropriate amount of water unless fluid restriction has been advised. Do not routinely delay urination for long periods. Empty the bladder completely and avoid rushing. Maintain gentle personal hygiene and avoid unnecessary harsh cleansing products. Manage diabetes and other long term medical conditions. Avoid taking leftover antibiotics or medicines suggested without testing. Follow the prescribed treatment course and return if symptoms persist.

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Sharp kidney pain symptoms – Kidney Stone treatment in Pune – Ratna Memorial Hospital

Sharp Pain That Comes and Goes? Your Kidneys May Need Attention

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A sudden, sharp pain in your back or side can be difficult to ignore, especially when it disappears and returns without warning. Many people assume it is caused by a muscle strain, poor posture, or indigestion. However, intense pain that comes and goes in waves may sometimes indicate a kidney stone moving through the urinary tract. Kidney stones can vary considerably in size. Some remain inside the kidney without causing noticeable symptoms, while others move into the ureter, the narrow tube connecting the kidney to the bladder. When a stone obstructs urine flow or irritates the ureter, it can cause severe pain known as renal colic. Timely medical evaluation can identify the cause and help you receive appropriate Kidney Stone treatment in Pune before complications develop. Why Does Kidney Stone Pain Come and Go? Kidney stone pain is often different from ordinary back pain. It may begin suddenly, become intense and then ease temporarily before returning. This wave-like pattern occurs because the ureter contracts while trying to move the stone towards the bladder. The location of the pain may also change as the stone travels through the urinary tract. According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, kidney stone pain may affect the back, side, lower abdomen or groin. It can last for a short or extended period and may come and go in waves. Although this pain pattern is commonly associated with kidney stones, proper testing is necessary because several abdominal, urinary and musculoskeletal conditions can produce similar symptoms. Common Signs of Kidney Stones Sharp pain is one of the most recognisable symptoms, but kidney stones may cause other urinary and digestive problems. You should watch for: Severe pain below the ribs on either side of the back Pain that moves towards the lower abdomen or groin Pain that increases and decreases in intensity Burning or discomfort while passing urine Pink, red or brown urine Frequent or urgent need to urinate Cloudy or unpleasant-smelling urine Nausea and vomiting Passing only a small amount of urine The symptoms depend on the stone’s size, location and whether it is blocking urine flow. Small stones may pass without causing noticeable discomfort, while larger or obstructing stones may require medical treatment. Is It Kidney Pain or Ordinary Back Pain? Kidney stone pain and muscular back pain can sometimes feel similar. However, there are a few general differences. Muscular pain often becomes worse with movement, bending, lifting or pressing the affected area. It may improve with rest or a change in posture. Kidney stone pain is usually deeper, more intense and commonly felt beneath the ribs or along the side of the body. It may spread towards the abdomen or groin and is often accompanied by urinary symptoms, nausea or vomiting. These differences are not enough to confirm a diagnosis. If the pain is severe, recurring or associated with changes in urination, consult a Kidney specialist in Pune for a complete evaluation. When Does Kidney Pain Require Urgent Attention? A kidney stone can become dangerous when it blocks urine drainage and infection develops behind the obstruction. Seek urgent medical care if you experience: Severe or unbearable pain Fever, chills or shivering Persistent vomiting Blood in the urine Difficulty passing urine Very little or no urine output Pain accompanied by weakness or confusion The NHS guidance on kidney stones recommends urgent medical attention for severe pain, a high temperature, chills or blood in the urine. These symptoms should not be managed only with home remedies. How Are Kidney Stones Diagnosed? A doctor begins by reviewing the location and pattern of your pain, urinary symptoms, medical history, diet and previous episodes of kidney stones. The evaluation may include: Urine tests A urine test can detect blood, infection and minerals associated with stone formation. Blood tests Blood tests may be used to assess kidney function and measure calcium, uric acid and other relevant substances. Ultrasound An ultrasound can help identify stones, urinary obstruction and swelling of the kidney without using radiation. CT scan A non-contrast CT scan may provide detailed information about the size, number and location of stones. The test selected depends on the patient’s symptoms and clinical condition. What Does Kidney Stone Treatment in Pune Involve? Treatment is selected according to the stone’s size, position, composition, symptoms and effect on kidney function. Conservative management Some small stones may pass naturally. Under medical supervision, treatment may include appropriate hydration, prescribed pain relief, medicines for nausea and medication that may help the ureter relax. Patients should not force excessive water intake during severe pain, vomiting or suspected obstruction unless advised by a doctor. Shock wave lithotripsy Shock wave lithotripsy uses externally generated energy to break selected stones into smaller pieces that can pass through the urinary tract. Ureteroscopy A thin instrument is introduced through the urinary passage to locate the stone. The stone may be removed directly or fragmented using laser energy. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy This procedure may be recommended for large or complex kidney stones. The surgeon accesses the kidney through a small incision in the back and removes the stone using specialised instruments. The most appropriate method of Kidney Stone treatment in Pune should be decided after reviewing imaging results and the patient’s overall health. Can Kidney Stones Be Prevented? Kidney stones can recur, so prevention remains important even after the pain has stopped. General preventive measures include: Drinking sufficient water throughout the day Increasing fluid intake during hot weather or physical activity Limiting excessive salt and highly processed food Avoiding unnecessary dietary supplements Maintaining a balanced intake of calcium Following stone-specific dietary recommendations Managing obesity, diabetes and other associated conditions Completing stone analysis and metabolic testing when advised Dietary advice should be based on the stone type. Patients should not eliminate calcium or other major food groups without professional guidance. Consult a Kidney Specialist at Ratna Memorial Hospital Pain that comes and goes should not be ignored simply because it temporarily improves. A stone may continue moving, remain lodged in

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